Music can profoundly connect people, transcending cultural and linguistic barriers. It fosters community and camaraderie and can inspire empathy and compassion.
This study utilizes self-determination and social cognitive theories to explore a conceptualized path between music education and psychological well-being during the coronavirus pandemic.
Music Education
Music has been shown to enhance children’s cognitive development. Studies have also found that students who play a musical instrument have better spatial-temporal skills, essential for math and science. Music training also improves phonological processing, critical to reading and spelling skills.
In addition, learning a musical instrument teaches students to focus their attention for long periods and develops hand-eye coordination. It also introduces students to overcome fear and anxiety by building confidence and fostering a sense of responsibility.
Despite these benefits, many children in the United States lack access to music education. As school budgets shrink, academic expectations increase and teacher shortages persist, many schools turn to nonprofit organizations and community partners for help. For example, some tap into its city’s soul and blues heritage to provide intensive music education to low-income students.
But if programs like these are to scale and reach more children, they need more support. To address this gap, a music foundation has launched AIM, a global innovation program designed to support music education and social change. AIM will build on existing expertise in the field and train new teachers with a holistic understanding of music education. This approach will allow them to teach in ways that consciously contribute to social impact.
Music Therapy
Music therapy is a non-invasive and natural treatment for various conditions. It is a tool that can improve people’s lives whether they struggle to get restful sleep or are dealing with emotional trauma. It also helps them build social skills and strengthen relationships.
People of all ages can benefit from music therapy, but it is particularly effective for children and seniors who face mental health problems. Many people who have experienced trauma or are isolated often find it hard to communicate their emotions and feelings, especially with words. Music therapy can help these individuals express themselves and develop positive relationships.
There are several types of music therapy, and each one can be customized to suit a person’s needs. Some standard techniques include musical re-creation (playing or singing along to new or familiar songs), instrumental improvisation, lyrical music-making, and structured music games and lessons.
Music can stimulate brain activity and create neural pathways, which can help with cognitive, motor, and sensory functions. This is why music therapy is an effective treatment for autism and other neurological conditions.
This type of therapy can be used alone or in conjunction with traditional treatments such as medications and psychotherapy. For instance, it has been used to treat post-traumatic stress disorder in military veterans by providing them with a way to reconnect with their family and culture.
Music and Health
Music triggers many emotions, influences mood, and alters brain activity. It is a powerful tool that can improve lives in many ways. For example, listening to soothing music may help us fall asleep more quickly and sleep deeper. Playing a musical instrument may enhance fine motor skills. In addition, group musical activities encourage social connection and build teamwork skills.
The power of music is also evident in how it can reduce stress and anxiety, alleviate pain, and boost self-esteem. Research suggests that everyone can benefit from music to improve their quality of life. But, it is essential to note that much of this evidence is based on observational studies of individuals or small groups. It is critical to conduct more carefully designed, scientifically rigorous studies with more significant numbers of participants to determine whether music impacts health outcomes.
Our recent survey, conducted by the Global Council on Brain Health (GCBH) in partnership with AARP, found that listening to music — whether through background music, focused listening to recordings, or attending musical performances — has a small positive effect on mental well-being and depression. These findings are consistent with previous research on the benefits of music for older adults.
Music and Identity
Music can improve lives by helping individuals express their unique identities, build empathy across differences, and advocate for social change. From the blues and jazz movements of the early 20th century to the punk and hip-hop scenes of the 1970s and beyond, music has served as a platform for artists to challenge societal norms, raise awareness about important issues, and amplify underrepresented voices.
Music plays a vital role in society today by raising awareness about inequalities that affect people worldwide, providing a platform for marginalized communities to speak out, and fostering a culture of diversity and inclusion.
For example, Education Through Music aims to “promote music in schools and communities through advocacy and the direct distribution of musical instruments”. Through their work, students can explore how genres of music are associated with cultural, ethnic, and socio-economic identity variables. For example, is country music associated with a sense of tradition and patriotism? Or does rap isolate an African-American demographic?
DeNora also discusses the impact of individual music preferences on developing an identity and explains how people use their associations with different musical genres to become part of specific social groups.
For example, she cites a study that found that participants rated those who share their taste in music more favorably than those who do not. Similarly, the theory of articulation claims that music only achieves its whole meaning in consumption; it is through the process of production meeting consumption that different identities and cultures emerge.
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